RESUMO O armazenamento é uma prática fundamental no controle da qualidade fisiológica das sementes, pois é um método que pode preservar sua viabilidade e vigor por mais tempo. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o armazenamento de sementes de grão-de-bico em diferentes embalagens, ambientes e períodos. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado foi utilizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 × 4, sendo dois tipos de embalagens (hermética e papel Kraft®), dois ambientes de armazenamento (ambiente de câmara fria e ambiente convencional) e quatro períodos de armazenamento (0, 45, 90 e 135 dias), com quatro repetições. As sementes foram acondicionadas em sacos de papel Kraft® e embalagens herméticas, e armazenadas por 135 dias nos ambientes: câmara fria (14,5 °C e umidade relativa do ar de 65%) e ambiente convencional (sem controle de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar). A cada 45 dias, as sementes foram submetidas às seguintes avaliações: determinação do teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação e envelhecimento acelerado. Em geral, a manutenção da qualidade fisiológica das sementes de grão de bico foi verificada em embalagens de papel Kraft® e em ambiente de câmara fria. O armazenamento de sementes de grão de bico em embalagens herméticas deve ser realizado com sementes com 7% de umidade, independente do ambiente de armazenamento. As embalagens mantiveram a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de grão de bico por até 45 dias, independente do ambiente de armazenamento.

ABSTRACT Storage is a fundamental practice in the control of the physiological quality of seeds, as it is a method that can preserve their viability and vigor for a longer period. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the storage of chickpea seeds in different packagings, environments, and periods. The completely randomized design was used in a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to two types of packaging (hermetic and Kraft® paper), two storage environments (cold chamber environment and conventional environment), and four storage periods (0, 45, 90, and 135 days), with four replicates. The seeds were placed in Kraft® paper bags and hermetic packagings and stored for 135 days in the environments: cold chamber (14.5 °C and relative air humidity of 65%) and conventional environment (no temperature and relative air humidity control). Every 45 days, seeds were subjected to the following evaluations: determination of water content, germination, first germination count and accelerated aging. In general, the maintenance of the physiological quality of chickpea seeds was verified in Kraft® paper packagings and the cold chamber environment. Storage of chickpea seeds in hermetic packaging must be carried out with seeds with 7% moisture, regardless of the storage environment. The packagings maintained the physiological quality of chickpea seeds for up to 45 days, regardless of the storage environment.

Resumen Lippia origanoides Kunth. es un arbusto medicinal nativo de algunos países de Centro y Sur América y el Caribe. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la composición química de los aceites esenciales y la diversidad genética de una población natural de L. origanoides en dos estaciones. El aceite esencial se extrajo en un equipo de Clevenger y se analizó por cromatografía de gases acoplado a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM). La cuantificación relativa de timol y carvacrol se realizó por cromatografía de gases acoplado a un detector de ionización de llamas (CG-DIL). Se utilizó un análisis multivariado para evaluar la divergencia genética entre plantas. El carvacrol fue el compuesto principal encontrado en la mayoría de las plantas para ambas estaciones. En la estación lluviosa, la planta 15 presentó timol como el compuesto principal y las plantas 16, 27, 28 y 29 presentaron alcanfor como el compuesto principal. En la estación seca, el timol se mantuvo como el principal compuesto en la planta 15, de igual manera el alcanfor se mantuvo como el principal en las plantas 16, 28 y 29. Sin embargo, la planta 27 presentó carvacrol como el principal compuesto en esta estación. Después del carvacrol, los compuestos con el mayor contenido fueron γ-terpineno, p-cimeno and metil-eter-timol. De las 30 plantas estudiadas, solo cinco difirieron en su composición química, mostrando algún grado de estabilidad en relación a la estación seca y lluviosa. No hubo variación en los compuestos principales entre las dos estaciones, pero hubo diversidad química entre los compuestos principales. El agrupamiento de Tocher mostró cinco grupos distintos, con el grupo 1 incluyendo la mayoría de las plantas en ambas estaciones, lo cual indica que el periodo del año evaluado no interfiere significativamente con la composición de aceites esenciales en la mayoría de plantas.

Abstract Lippia origanoides Kunth. is a medicinal shrub native to some countries in South America, Central America and the Caribbean. This study aims to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil and the genetic diversity of a natural population of Lippia origanoides in two seasons. Leaf samples were collected from 30 individuals in the dry and rainy seasons. The essential oil was extracted into a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The relative quantification of thymol and carvacrol was performed by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the genetic divergence between plants. Carvacrol was the major compound found in most plants for both seasons. In the rainy season, plant 15 presented thymol as the major compound, and plants 16, 27, 28 and 29 presented camphor as the major compound. In the dry season, thymol remained the main compound of plant 15 and camphor remained the main compound of plants 16, 28 and 29; however, plant 27 presented carvacrol as the main compound in this season. After carvacrol, the compounds with the highest content were γ-terpinene, p-cymene and methyl-ether-thymol. Of the 30 plants studied, only five differed in their chemical composition, showing some degree of stability in relation to the dry and rainy seasons. There was no variation in the main compounds between the two seasons, but there was chemical diversity among the main compounds. Tocher grouping revealed five distinct groups, with group 1 including most of the plants in both dry and rainy seasons, indicating that the time of year evaluated did not significantly interfere with the essential oil composition of most plants.

ABSTRACT A series of arylamidines 3a-j was designed, synthesized and investigated for antimicrobial activity. Structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and a 2D spectroscopic study was performed. A preliminary screening of the antimicrobial tests clearly showed that three out of ten arylamidines, viz, 3f, 3g and 3i, were effective against all the gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteric; and against the yeast, candida albicans. Further, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) against the bacteria and yeast were determined. All compounds 3a-d, 3f, 3g, 3i and 3j were also investigated for their low cytotoxic effects on tested cell lines. Compounds 3d and 3f were the most effective derivatives against HL-60 and HEp-2 cells, respectively, with IC50 value (2µg/mL), and low normal cells toxicity.